Diabetes in Cats

This is a guest post, written by one of our wonderful volunteers, Ronnie V. (click on her name to be taken to her true crimes podcast site!) It details her experience with diabetes in her kitty Romulus.

Romulus

At the beginning of January 2022, I began noticing my 13 year old cat Romulus was losing some weight. He is a longer haired fluffy tabby, and always had a couple extra pounds, so it didn’t seem too concerning right away. 

However, in a short amount of time I noticed he began drinking lots of water, having big pees in the litter box, and was losing quite a bit of weight around his haunches. He seemed uncomfortable, not really wanting pets nor having the same energy as before.

I was heartbroken. I wasn’t ready to face a difficult decision. 

I scraped whatever money I had together to bring him to the vet to get bloodwork. I spoke with the vet about his history, which included having bladder blockage (struvite urolithiasis) when he was 5, but ever since he has been doing well. 

I waited for a call back once the vet had the results, and I was surprised when he said, “Romulus has diabetes.”

I then asked what the treatment options were, and he explained how he would require insulin twice a day, and that I should look for food that has lower calories. 

I received papers with information, and was shown how to give him his shot. I was a bit overwhelmed, and worried about messing up somehow. But when the vet had asked what I wanted to do, of course I said I will do whatever is in my power to help Romulus, especially if it is something that is treatable. 

I had many questions though, and over time I began to learn what food seemed to work well for Rom (and what food didn’t), as well as developing more of an understanding of how diabetes presents in cats. I want to share information in case anyone out there has any concerns about their own cats, or wants to have an easy place where there is some basic, digestible information. 

What is Diabetes

Feline diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, is a condition wherein the body can not produce insulin on its own. Insulin is a hormone that is necessary in the process of releasing glucose from the blood, and allowing the glucose to be absorbed for energy.  

Though humans and cats have different digestive systems, this is a basic process that we share, and in that we share similarities with diabetes. 

It is interesting because cats also have type I and II diabetes. Here is an excerpt from https://bondvet.com/b/diabetes-in-cats : 

“There are two types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 and Type 2. 

Type 1 means the body has a shortage of insulin, a blood sugar regulating hormone produced by the pancreas. 

Type 2 diabetes means insulin resistance., where the body’s cells become less and less responsive to the hormone. Insulin can’t be effectively used by the body, even if enough insulin is produced. This type of diabetes most commonly develops in overweight or obese cats as they get older. “

Signs and Symptoms

Here is a basic list of signs and symptoms to look out for:

• Increased thirst.

• Increased urination.

• Increased appetite. 

• Noticeable weight loss.

• Lethargy.

Treatment

In order to treat diabetes, it is necessary to give the feline insulin. This can be done in the following ways:

Insulin: I use the Lantus SoloStar pen in order to give Rom his doses each morning and each evening. It is simple to use-I click to the unit amount required on the bottom, and then I screw on a fresh needle on top each time. I find its easiest when I grab the scruff of his neck and inject it into him that way, and I do it as he is eating his breakfast/supper. He usually doesn’t put up a struggle, and I’m sure any struggle is because I hesitated or came at him the wrong way. It may seem worrisome at first, but before you know it the process will be barely a thought in your everyday routine. 

There are other options and ways to administer the insulin, and this is something that you can determine with your vet. I imagine each clinic has their own preferences or brands, as at one point I ran out of needle tips, my clinic had none until the next day, and every other clinic I went to didn’t have the same type of needle tips. 

A big takeaway is to be open and communicative with your vet so you can give and receive the most information possible in order to manage your fur babies needs as best as possible. 

Diet is a big component to help your cat buddy to thrive and potentially reduce the amount of insulin necessary each day, even remission. 

I like to try to compare the nutritional value to the canned Purina DM (Diabetic Management) formula cat food when looking at alternative foods that are more accessible/affordable. Romulus wasn’t a fan of the DM wet food because it was more chunks in gravy, and he just drinks the gravy and leaves the rest! Pate, or some kind of more mushy type of food is good for knowing Romulus is not just drinking the liquid, but is also getting food into his tummy. 

Here are some pictures of the nutritional values for the Purina DM wet food, and the food itself:

Romulus gets bad poopy bum with kibble, so I keep the boys main diet as wet food, however the best kibble that I have found that doesn’t affect him too harshly is the Purina DM formula kibble. 

Again, this is something you will have to analyze and look for in regards to what is accessible to you, affordable, and jives with your own kitties body and preference.

I find that Tiki Cat and B.F.F. have the correct values I look for, and my boys love them. They are a bit pricier though, so sometimes I do have to see what are more affordable options are out there. 

(Note from ALWAYS Director; we are primarily a Royal Canin feeding rescue, and stand behind their foods as one of the highest in quality available. To obtain Royal Canin for diabetic kitties, please contact your veterinarian's office. As with all higher end foods, they are somewhat pricy, but what you spend in extra food cost you will save in vet bills and heartache. Always, always ALWAYS follow the advice of your veterinarian with regard to your companion's health needs.)

Hypoglycemia 

Now, this may be off putting-it was for me when I read about it. But it is something to be aware of, and something that knowing how to treat is important. 

There can be a risk of the insulin negatively affecting the kitty, mainly if too much is administered. This happened to Romulus suddenly, as if his body began responding differently to the medication and change in diet, and he was not needing as much insulin. I gave him his regular dose, but he became ill and vomited his food. I wasn’t sure if he was in contact with something that made him sick or what, but he didn’t eat more after. He then began wobbling around when walking, and basically fell into his litter box at some point. I took him to the emergency, where he got to sit like a king in some kind of oxygen bed that was like a baby insulator, and I got a nice big bill. Again, I didn’t mind because I felt awful. I wanted to make sure he was all good. However, I could have avoided that emergency visit if I had corn syrup on hand (I had maple syrup, but it is NOT sugary enough to counter balance the insulin). Here is a quote from https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/endocrine/c_ct_diabetes_mellitus:

“Hypoglycemia is a serious and potentially life-threatening state that should be treated as an emergency.

Signs of hypoglycemia in cats might include:

• Dull mentation or disorientation

• Profound weakness or lethargy

• Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea, not eating)

• Trembling

• Seizures

• Coma

If you see any of these signs, give your cat a sugary product (corn syrup, maple syrup, honey) and immediately go to an emergency pet hospital.

If your pet is having seizures, try rubbing syrup on their gums, but be cautious of your cat biting you.”

Outlook

You can make your cat nice and comfortable and happy if you keep up with a good food routine, give them enrichment so they are exercising and having fun, and give them all the love in the world as usual. It is important to make sure we do all we can for our animal friends, because we love them. 

Romulus is laying next to me as I write this, having a nice sleep after spending the day clawing at my face for snacks, chasing his younger brother Kato around, and randomly running from one room to another from spontaneous zoomies. I couldn’t’ be happier seeing him thriving, and though I wish I could give him an even better life, it is amazing to see how far he has come since his initial diagnoses.

I have links to many sources below, use them to read through and get an understanding if you are suddenly thrust into the world of having a diabetic cat. There is lots of information out there, and always reach out and talk to others to see what information they may have. Also, be kind to yourself. 

-Veronica Vetter 

Sources

• https://www.cats.org.uk/help-and-advice/health/diabetes#:~:text=Some%20cats%20are%20more%20at%20risk%20than%20others,inflammation%20of%20the%20pancreas%20or%20urinary%20tract%20infections.

• https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/endocrinology/managing-feline-diabetes-mellitus/

• https://pets.webmd.com/cats/features/feline-diabetes-symptoms-treatments-prevention-diet#1

• https://bondvet.com/b/diabetes-in-cats

• https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/endocrine/c_ct_diabetes_mellitus

• https://www.catsanddiabetes.com/

• https://www.proplanveterinarydiets.ca/consumer/products/dm-dietetic-management-canned-feline-formula

Let's Talk About How They Rescue Us

 If you've ever talked to our Director & Founder, you know that she feels passionately that animals can be our salvation. For many people, there comes a darkness which can seem crushing and overwhelming, and the only reason some people stay put is because they have an animal companion who has taught them that there is such a thing as unconditional, pure, untainted love that comes with no expectations or fine print. The trust and love of a companion animal is entirely unmatched by any other relationship for many. 

If you read the page "Audrey's Story" (CW; ideation, talk of unaliving oneself), you'll see a story of a cat whose circumstances were less ideal than our Founder thought and whose life was changed by arriving at her doorstep. What our Founder didn't expect was how significantly Audrey would affect her own life and will to live. 

Right now, we have 2 sets of bonded cats who seem to have been placed on this Earth for the same reason Audrey came to our Founder. They are Topaz & Jewel, and Jonjamin & Bethicca. 

Topaz is the most amazing, snuggly, chatty little girl who runs right up to her people and tells them all about how she loves them and what her day was like. She lets you know it's time to go to bed, and when it's time to settle down. Her insistent affection is a bright spot in any day. Her sister, Jewel, is more aloof but when she decides it's time for love, it's time for love. They've been in care for so long together that they are bonded and they have to go together to a home with no dogs. 

Jonjamin and Bethicca are also meant to be someone's heart cats. Between Jonjamin's enthusiastic biscuit making snuggle sessions and Bethicca's animated chatting, it's impossible to be angry or even particularly sad around them.

If you would like to meet either of our dynamic duos, drop us a message or an email and we can set up a meet and greet.

Settling A New Cat Into Your Home

Congratulations! You've added a new feline companion to your home. Be prepared, your life is about to become so much more interesting in so many ways. Cats are wonderfully diverse creatures, with different personality traits, moods, quirks, and routines. The wonderful thing about them is that, despite popular opinion, cats can be taught. 

William and Maggie took to each other like peanut butter and jam.

So you've brought your kitty in and they're a little skittish. They're going to need some time to adjust. Wherever they were before landing in your life is what they know, and the new smells, people, and surroundings are going to put them off their game a little bit. They're going to hide for a little while (possibly a week or two!), maybe even be off their food for a day or two. That's okay, place some food and water close to their hiding spot so that they at least meet those basic needs. They're likely doing so when you're out of the house or sleeping, but it's no fun to go hours without water when you're thirsty, and cats can be stubborn. 

Audrey walked into our home like she owned it
and promptly made herself the queen,
much to the chagrin of George and Gracie. 

If they aren't the only animal in the home, they're also going to need time to adjust to the new friend as well. This can be a little scary for everyone involved because we aren't so sure if there will be fights or if they'll hit it off immediately. Chances are that there will be some vocalization, perhaps some poofing up of kitties, but it's not a guarantee that there will be fighting. Some people recommend keeping a barrier between a new cat and existing resident animals, and we agree with that to an extent. Our usual method of introduction of a healthy cat to a new home with resident animals is to allow open, supervised visitation between them, keeping a watchful eye over the interactions to ensure that they aren't violent. Hissing and growling is normal, and we recommend allowing that type of interaction, but ensure that there is an adult human close by to intercept if there is going to be a physical confrontation. Give treats (but not too many!) when you see that they are all sharing space without confrontation, and praise them all equally.

If there are times when there won't be an adult human present to supervise, or if the companion animals are having a hard time adjusting, then you'll want to do the following;

1. Set up a room with a door for the new cat. Include food, water, toys, litter, and other sources of stimulation for the kitty. You'll also want to set something up for you to be able to spend time comfortably in there as well, because kitty is also going to have to get to know you as well.
2. Put a blanket where kitty is likely to sleep. Also put a similar blanket where your existing companion animals sleep. You're going to swap these back and forth between animals every 2 days for a while, to get them used to the scent of the other.
3. Feed all companion animals close to the door of the room. Not immediately at the door, but close enough that they can sense each other but know that there is that safety of a barrier and some space.
4. Go in and spend time with the new companion animal. Be it homework, or just doomscrolling (because let's be honest, nobody "surfs the net" anymore, we all doomscroll social media now), your quiet presence in the room will help settle your new friend. Bonus if kitty comes up for snuggles, because you'll be leaving the room smelling like the new kitty, and you can go immediately to your established companion and show some affection while smelling like the new kid.
5. Swap the aforementioned blankets between the animals to help them associate the smell of the new companion with sleep. Swap them every 2 or 3 days to help move things along.
6. Eventually, you'll want to start encouraging face-to-face time with the animals in the home. Do so slowly, heeding all of the warnings from prior to this list. Eventually, you'll be able to just let everyone free roam in the home without worrying.

We have also found that Feliway plug in diffusers help immensely, as well as Royal Canin Calm food (available through your vet). There are some "homeopathic remedies" out there for cats, but few of them have actually proven to us to be effective and many of them are quite fragrant. We use LucyLoo #hashtags essential oil blend in our main foster home because it's safe, non-offensive, and actually seems to help our animals when they decide to go all West Side Story on us. It's available exclusively through Hashbrowns Homestead Supplies in Red Deer, Alberta. Please refer to our post about cats and essential oils before going ahead and using oils with cats in the home.

Other methods we have found help the process are;

• brush the new kitty, and without removing the hair from the brush, brush your existing companion animals with the same brush to transfer scents between them
• put one of your dirty shirts in with the new kitty
• stuffies that can be swapped between the animals
• spending time around your new kitty without fussing if the cat is somewhat skittish toward you. If you go into their space and just spend time being there without being a force, they will become curious and come see you for affection. BUT...
• some cats respond to what we call "forcible affection". That's something you will want to ask the foster family about. This is exactly what it sounds like; scooping kitty up and snuggling them whether they are game or not. Again, ask the foster family about this and if you or they aren't sure, err on the side of respectful distance instead

Again, every cat is different, and they can either waltz in like they already own the place or they will take a few weeks to get settled enough to snuggle. You absolutely need to practice patience. It doesn't matter if the 6 cats you had before settled in like nothing, this 7th bebby might be the challenge who ends up being worth it. 

That said, some cats are just not meant to live with other animals. We had a lovely little girl named Harlow who had her umpteenth litter of kittens while in our care (she was on the street prior to that) and after her babies were weaned, she wanted nothing to do with any other cat. No matter what we did, she just was not interested in having any other animal friends so she had to go live with a lovely lady who has no other companion animals. She is thriving there and is treated like the queen she is.

Miss Harlow was not having any of this "friends" business.
We know that some kitties just don't want to do it, so we 
respect that and placed her so she will be the only cat.

What are other ways you have helped new kitties settle in to your home? 

Exciting News! Also, let's talk about food for a minute.

Since the inception of our rescue's formation, we have fed our cats & kittens Royal Canin food. Even prior to that, the founder of our rescue has been a staunch supporter of and advocate for the feeding of Royal Canin. As of today, we are officially a Royal Canin shelter partner. That means that any time you adopt one of our companion cats or dogs, you get a sample of their food, plus some wicked coupons. It also means that your companion animal is coming to you with a balanced nutritional foundation.

I've been asked more than once why we don't feed a cheaper food. After all, it's a shelter (or in my own case, we have a lot of permanent residents) so funds are tight. And it's true, they really are tight. However experience with other foods has proven to me that with a few exceptions, Royal Canin has led to healthier coats, healthier GI systems, fewer instances of UT crystals recurring (our George got them terribly for a year or two, until one of our vets told us to try the RC Urinary S/O to prevent the formation of them. We haven't looked back from RC since then, and have used the range of foods to help sort out any issues our kitties were having (here's looking at you, CALM). That said, if you feed a higher quality food, you have fewer health issues which saves on vet bills. You also put a little more money up front for the higher quality food, but you're spending less on litter and food because the food is packed with more nutrients and fewer fillers than a lot of your lower end foods. Transitioning is fairly simple, by mixing 75/25 current food with new, then 50/50, then 25/75. This allows for the digestive flora to respond to the new food slowly rather than do a rapid truffle shuffle in order to "recognize" the new chemical makeup of the nutrient delivery vehicle. (Don't let "chemical makeup" scare you though; those words apply to literally everything in our world. Meat, vegetables, even your skin has a chemical makeup, and it doesn't mean it's been altered or is dangerous.) Transitioning slowly reduces the instances of diarrhea or vomiting, or of the food being rejected entirely by the animal.

That said, there are a lot of families struggling to make ends meet right now, and can't even afford to feed a lower end food let alone a really good one. No animal should ever have to go hungry, and with that in mind we still collect food donations. Those donations go back into the community by helping to feed the companion animals of families who need that leg up, for as long as they need it and for as long as we have the food to give. If you or someone you know is in need of food for their companion animal, please feel free to drop us a line.